ASTM C1220-2010 供进行放射性废物处理的整块废物的静力浸出的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforStaticLeachingofMonolithicWasteFormsforDisposalofRadioactiveWaste
【原文标准名称】:供进行放射性废物处理的整块废物的静力浸出的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1220-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.07
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cementleaching;ceramicleaching;glassleaching;leachate;leachtest;nuclearwaste;nuclearwasteforms;nuclearwastematerials;radioactivewaste;simulatedwasteforms;staticleachtest;wasteformdurability;wasteforms;Cement;Ceramicnuclear
【摘要】:Thistestmethodcanbeusedtoprovideameasureofthereactivityofamaterialinadilutesolutioninwhichthetestresponseisdominatedbythedissolutionorleachingofthetestspecimen.Itcanbeusedtocomparethedissolutionorleachingbehaviorsofcandidateradioactivewasteformsandtostudythereactionsduringstaticexposuretodilutesolutionsinwhichsolutionfeed-backeffectscanbemaintainednegligible,dependingonthetestconditions.Thetestissuitableforapplicationtonaturalminerals,simulatedwasteformmaterials,andradioactivewasteformmaterialspecimens.Datafromthistestmayformpartofthelargerbodyofdatathatisnecessaryinthelogicalapproachtolong-termpredictionofwasteformbehavior,asdescribedinPracticeC1174.Inparticular,measuredsolutionconcentrationsandcharacterizationsofalteredsurfacesmaybeusedinthevalidationofgeochemicalmodelingcodes.Thistestmethodexcludestheuseofcrushedorpowderedspecimensandorganicmaterials.Severalreferencetestparametervaluesandreferenceleachantsolutionsarespecifiedtofacilitatethecomparisonofresultsoftestsconductedwithdifferentmaterialsandatdifferentlaboratories.However,othertestparametervaluesandleachantsolutioncompositionscanbeusedtocharacterizethespecimenreactivity.Testscanbeconductedwithdifferentleachantcompositionstosimulategroundwaters,buffertheleachatepHasthespecimendissolves,ormeasurethecommonioneffectofparticularsolutes.Testscanbeconductedtomeasuretheeffectsofvarioustestparametervaluesonthespecimenresponse,includingtime,temperature,andS/Vratio.Testsconductedfordifferentdurationsandatvarioustemperaturesprovideinsightintothereactionkinetics.TestsconductedatdifferentS/Vratioprovideinsightintochemicalaffinity(solutionfeed-backeffects)andtheapproachtosaturation.Eitheraeratedordeaeratedsolutionsmaybeusedinthistestmethodexceptwhentestinghighlyradioactivespecimens.Deaeratedsolutionsaremandatoryintestsconductedwithhighlyradioactivespecimenstominimizetheeffectsofnitrogenradiolysis.Preparationofdeaeratedleachantsisaddressedin7.2.2.Controloftheoxygenfugacityisnotpartofthistestmethod.Suchcontrolandmeasurementmayberequiredforspecificusesoftestdatabutarebeyondthescopeofthistestmethod.Testscanbeconductedusingvesselscompatiblewiththetestspecimen,leachant,andtestenvironment.Corrosionresistantmaterialsshallbeusedfortestswithcorrosivebrines.Radiation-resistantmaterialsshallbeusedfortestsinradiationfieldswhereintheaccumulatedabsorbeddosewillexceed104rad(seeNote1).Note18212;Additionalrequirementstothetestmethodapplywhenusingahighlyradioactivewasteformspecimen,asindicatedintheprocedure.1.1Thistestmethodprovidesameasureofthechemicaldurabilityofasimulatedorradioactivemonolithicwasteform,suchasaglass,ceramic,cement(grout),orcermet,inatestsolutionattemperaturesx003C;100x00B0;Cunderlowspecimensurface-area-to-leachantvolume(S/V)ratioconditions.1.2Thistestmethodcanbeusedtocharacterizethedissolutionorleachingbehaviorsofvarioussimulatedorradioactivewasteformsinvariousleachantsunderthespecificconditionsofthetestbasedonanalysisofthetestsolution.Datafromthistestareusedtocalculatenormalizedelementalmasslossvaluesfromspecimensexposedtoaqueoussolutionsattemperaturesx003C;100