ISO 6490-1-1985 动物饲料钙含量的测定第1部分:滴定法

上一篇: NF C73-150F1-1985 关于1975年4月NFC73-150标准和NFC73-200标准,1980年12月NFC73-600标准的解读手册.
下一篇: NF P18-353-1985 混凝土、砂浆和灰浆添加剂.气量计测定新拌混凝土内封闭空气的百分比

【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforHardnessinWater
【原文标准名称】:水硬度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD1126-2002(2007)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:硬度;(水的)硬度;试验;水
【英文主题词】:analysis;calciumcarbonatehardness;hardness;titration;water
【摘要】:Hardnesssaltsinwater,notablycalciumandmagnesium,aretheprimarycauseoftubeandpipescaling,whichfrequentlycausesfailuresandlossofprocessefficiencyduetocloggingorlossofheattransfer,orboth.Hardnessiscausedbyanypolyvalentcations,butthoseotherthanCaandMgareseldompresentinmorethantraceamounts.Thetermhardnesswasoriginallyappliedtowaterinwhichitwashardtowash;itreferredtothesoap-wastingpropertiesofwater.Withmostnormalalkalinewater,thesesoap-wastingpropertiesaredirectlyrelatedtothecalciumandmagnesiumcontent.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofhardnessinwaterbytitration.Thistestmethodisapplicabletowatersthatareclearinappearanceandfreeofchemicalsthatwillcomplexcalciumormagnesium.Thelowerdetectionlimitofthistestmethodisapproximately2to5mg/LasCaCO3;theupperlimitcanbeextendedtoallconcentrationsbysampledilution.Itispossibletodifferentiatebetweenhardnessduetocalciumionsandthatduetomagnesiumionsbythistestmethod.1.2Thistestmethodwastestedonreagentwateronly.Itistheuser''sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthetestmethodforwatersofuntestedmatrices.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_50
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Industrialcommunicationnetworks-Fieldbusspecifications-Part5-9:Applicationlayerservicedefinition-Type9elements(IEC61158-5-9:2007);EnglishversionEN61158-5-9:2008,onlyonCD-ROM
【原文标准名称】:工业通讯网络.现场总线规范.第5-9部分:应用层设备定义.9型元件.仅为CD-ROM
【标准号】:DINEN61158-5-9-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-09
【实施或试行日期】:2008-09-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:应用层;应用;总线系统;总线;电路网络;通信;计算机应用;计算机控制;控制;控制设备;控制系统;控制工艺学;数据总线;数据通信;数据交换;数据传输线;数据连接系统;数据网络;数据处理;数据设备;数据传送;数据传输控制规程;定义;数字的;数字数据;数字工程;电子数据处理;电气工程;电子仪器;电子系统;英语;现场总线;制导系统;工业的;工业设施;信息交换;信息处理;信息技术;接口(数据处理);开放系统互连;操作技术;OSI;过程控制工程;过程控制系统;设备;规范;规范(验收);传输媒质
【英文主题词】:Applicationlayer;Applications;Bussystems;Buses(dataprocessing);Circuitnetworks;Communication;Computerapplications;Computerizedcontrol;Control;Controlequipment;Controlsystems;Controltechnology;Databus;Datacommunication;Dataexchange;Dataline;Datalinksystem;Datanetwork;Dataprocessing;Dataservices;Datatransfer;Datatransmissioncontrolprocedures;Definition;Definitions;Digital;Digitaldata;Digitalengineering;EDP;Electricalengineering;Electronicinstruments;Electronicsystems;Englishlanguage;Fieldbus;Guidancesystems;Industrial;Industrialfacilities;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;Interfaces(dataprocessing);Opensystemsinterconnection;Operationaltechniques;OSI;Processcontrolengineering;Processcontrolsystems;Services;Specification;Specification(approval);Transmissionmedia
【摘要】:Thisstandardprovidescommonelementsforbasictime-criticalandnon-time-criticalmessagingcommunicationsbetweenapplicationprogramsinanautomationenvironmentandmaterialspecifictoType9fieldbus.Theterm“time-critical”isusedtorepresentthepresenceofatime-window,withinwhichoneormorespecifiedactionsarerequiredtobecompletedwithsomedefinedlevelofcertainty.Failuretocompletespecifiedactionswithinthetimewindowrisksfailureoftheapplicationsrequestingtheactions,withattendantrisktoequipment,plantandpossiblyhumanlife.ThisstandarddefinesinanabstractwaytheexternallyvisibleserviceprovidedbythedifferentTypesofthefieldbusApplicationLayerintermsofa)anabstractmodelfordefiningapplicationresources(objects)capableofbeingmanipulatedbyusersviatheuseoftheFALservice,b)theprimitiveactionsandeventsoftheservice;c)theparametersassociatedwitheachprimitiveactionandevent,andtheformwhichtheytake;andd)theinterrelationshipbetweentheseactionsandevents,andtheirvalidsequences.Thepurposeofthisstandardistodefinetheservicesprovidedto1)theFALuserattheboundarybetweentheuserandtheApplicationLayeroftheFieldbusReferenceModel,and2)SystemsManagementattheboundarybetweentheApplicationLayerandSystemsManagementoftheFieldbusReferenceModel.ThisstandardspecifiesthestructureandservicesoftheIECfieldbusApplicationLayer,inconformancewiththeOSIBasicReferenceModel(ISO/IEC7498)andtheOSIApplicationLayerStructure(ISO/IEC9545).Theprincipalobjectiveofthisstandardistospecifythecharacteristicsofconceptualapplicationlayerservicessuitablefortime-criticalcommunications,andthussupplementtheOSIBasicReferenceModelinguidingthedevelopmentofapplicationlayerprotocolsfortime-criticalcommunications.Asecondaryobjectiveistoprovidemigrationpathsfrompreviously-existingindustrialcommunicationsprotocols.ItisthislatterobjectivewhichgivesrisetothediversityofservicesstandardizedasthevarioustypesofIEC61158.Thisspecificationmaybeusedasthebasisforformalapplicationprogramminginterfaces.Nevertheless,itisnotaformalprogramminginterface,andanysuchinterfacewillneedtoaddressimplementationissuesnotcoveredbythisspecification,includinga)thesizesandoctetorderingofvariousmulti-octetserviceparameters,andb)thecorrelationofpairedrequestandconfirm,orindicationandresponse,primitives.
【中国标准分类号】:P76;N18
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_70;35_160
【页数】:124P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语